Theatre Review Mamma Mia free essay sample

First one is to add up more feature to the stage plan, play content, etc†¦ simply by adding up something new to discover to the audience. The other one is to perform a new reviewed scenario with more visual content. We have decided that fisrt solution is much more appropriate for this masterpiece. Rather reviewing the whole scenario and corrupt its origins, adding up some small but modern details, like integration of the play with augmented reality and social media will be a very good idea. If Mamma Mia can enable an online experience of Mamma Mia during the play it would receive much more attention than the original version. Since the attention is considered as the new curreny, these increased attention rates will result in as an increase in the cash flow. IF think about a performance play while you can actually interact with the play real-time that would be the next level for entertainment and stage performance industry. We will write a custom essay sample on Theatre Review: Mamma Mia or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page With the help of hashtags and QR codes audience can experience more about the play, a counter argument may be put on this measure of change like what if the new adaptations will ruin the uniqueness of the play. This could be right to some extent but offering something new to the audience is mostly perceived as an update, something more advanced by the people. Enhancing the play with various utilities of modern technology or a screenplay it can enrich the whole experience of Mamma Mia Mama Mia Case Questions 1. Can the performing arts be considered â€Å"an industry†? WE can say that its an emerging industry all exclusive for 1st world countires due to importance given to art amp; entertainment rather than stability of economy. It is not hard to see that this is becoming an industry slowly and gradually in the United States of America. We can definitely say that they are creating a momentum in the sub-categories of daily consumption.. People who came to see the shows spend their money on activities, local products, services, and employees, etc†¦ these momentum created by viewers also creates a cash flow within its range. In USA where performing arts are spread widely and happens on a large scale and therefore ends up contributing a whole lot to the overall economy. According to the Broadway statistics it is estimated as per the years 2006-2012 that the estimated direct spending, indirect spending and related audience spending in total amounts to be more than 1 billion dollars per year, which happens to be a huge amount in this industry.. Even Mama Mia ended up brining a large sum of million dollars since 2003, contributing to the economy. ttp://broadwayworld. com/grossesshowenlarge. cfm? show=MAMMA-MIA! In conclusion we can say that its still premature to call that as an industry however there are a lot of potential, as resulted from statistics its growing and reaching huge numbers not just only revenue scale but also the magnifiying effect of side-expenditures, created job opportunities, promised increase of audience life quality and maybe the more important aspect. Inspiration created by these mast erpieces to posterity of society. 2. From an entrepreneurship perspective, highlight the issues that must be considered when dealing with creations in the performing arts that have cultural or classical roots. The most important issue of the cultural root is the audiovisual content of the show. The story and the songs must be familiar to the culture of the audience of the region where the show is first debuted. However, it is not likely to success in the industry by only considering cultural requirements of the show since art is still art and it is widely criticized about its artistic value. There should be a perfect balance between what the audience can find familiar to their lives in the show and what takes artists breath away in details and in the framework. Also from an entrepreneur’s perpective there are some key indicators that should not be forgotten, evaluation of different alternatives while only the one having potential is further finalized ,does not always mean the results of natural selection is succesfull. An entrepreneur must watch over whole process from beginning concept stage to commercialization. , he must constantly evaluate the idea throughout the processes to successfully finalize the project. Fresh ideas are the hardest ones to evaluate on their value so first challenge is this one to cope up with the newness of the idea, thinking like an entrepreneur is no easy task. 3. Are there special conditions or conflicts of interest, which apply, in the quasi-public sector of the performing arts to businesses such as Mamma Mia? Yes there are actually there are numerous conflicts of interests between a quasi-public sector of performing arts and a regular business, as a quasi-public sector which is backed by the government causes different margin rates than the regular business since they are not strict as regular business element of retention rate is higher and much more flexible. The first conflict arises from distribution of benefits, for quasi-public organizations which is the cost of provision of goods is not proportional to the number of people who benefit from it, as it is typical in the regular business. The more the cost is involved by means of investment, the more is value added in the product and therefore it can reach more people. However, its not like when an organization is backed up by the government. as they have a mandated activities to be performed by a particular number of people which they can afford as they are backed by the government. On the contrary in regular business, people who did not pay for the good are being excluded from the provision of goods or services which is not the case in government based products or services, since they have regulated and mandated activities and audience. As we can conclude from this , the quasi-public organization or activities have a advantage over the regular business activities due to the backing of government in case of any kind of crisis or unexpected situation. Slight losses are easily recovered by the services as opposed by annual funding which regular businesses cannot support these situations so in case of a loss this may take up to years to recover properly. 4. What do you think of the Mamma Mia! Show? Is it entrepreneurship? Definitely. The â€Å"Mamma Mia! show is considered nothing new but the story of it reveals a great success of a determined entrepreneur. The show comes to life as a result of the hard work of Judy Cramer who for a decade pursued her dream to come true. Years of development and carefully selected staff made nothing new into something huge. It is not undone, yes, but entrepreneurship cannot be considered as a concept where at the something new has been done. Accomplishing something marvelous from and o ld idea is a typically not fit for the definition of entretpreurship however the idea itself is a way of entrepreneurship. Only this kind of way of thinking can redefine old tastes and turn them into something new to experience. Conclusion: Developing amazing ideas does not mean that they had to be brand new ideas. Some amazing projects such as Mamma Mia is a combination of quality and new tech, only an entrepreneur can combine the past with present. It is one of the most successful plays of the world and a lot people making a living out of it so stage performances can be considered as an industry up to some extent

Iraqi and Western Sahara Statehood essays

Iraqi and Western Sahara Statehood essays The state of Iraq has a turbulent history and has rarely stayed the same in its long history of different sovereign rulers over the territory. The battleground for different civilizations over centuries of political and religious rivalry, Iraq now finds itself divided into three distinct groups: the Kurds, the Sunni, and the Shia. Since its inception by the French and British in the First World War, Iraq has been a melting pot of different cultures. Yet, the Sunni population won out for control of the country in 1968 when the Ba'athis party overthrew the President Abdul Rahman Arif whose brother was responsible for the removal of the British installed Hashemite monarchy in 1958. Saddam Hussein rose to power in 1979 and installed a firm authoritative hold over the country, about the same time as the Iranian Revolution which resulted in Shi'ite Muslim theocratic state. The Ba'ath party and Saddam Hussein were primarily Sunni while they only composed about 35% of the population as oppo sed to the 65% Shia majority. The history and violence between both sects of the Islamic culture made the composition of the Iraqi state in the first place an uneasy Union. If the three main groups were split into two, there would be complications for each to cope with in order to become meet the criteria of statehood according to Article 1 of the Montevideo Convention on Rights and Duties of States 1933. The legal qualifications for the international community require that the three new states would have to possess a permanent population, establish a defined territory, a government, and the capacity to enter into legal relations with other states. Though there has been a large migration out of Iraq since the United States invasion in 2003, it is clear that there will be a permanent population in Iraq. There has always been competition for control of the land around the Tigris and the Euphrates rivers. Combined with the oil fields in the north and sout...

Article In Business Example

Article In Business Ryanair warns fares will rise This article published in The Guardian discusses about Ryanair’s warning to shoot its fare up in the near future. Thisrise in fare would have to be made to meet the company’s targets. All such measures are been taken by the company to increase its profits in the upcoming years. This sudden move to increase the fares and profit is because the company posted an approximate loss of â‚ ¬11 million in the third quarter of 2010. Although the company has been a successful airline service provider recognized as one of the best in the world, it has recently been criticized by some critics along with some of its customers. The basic reason for Ryanair’s success was their ability to cope with their costs which they offered to their customers in the form of low fares, such fares were really low when compared to other airline service providers. Ryanair’s great tendency to innovate always led them to reduce their costs and increase the q uality of their service. Innovation had always been a main factor that led Ryanair to open new dimensions in the airline industry. The strategy followed by Ryanair to reduce their costs was to have low emission aircrafts such as Boeing 737; these aircrafts were also fuel efficient hence they helped Ryanair to have better control over their fuel costs even in the era when fuel costs increased drastically. Such better quality and low cost led Ryanair to be pronounced as the most profitable airline in the world by an Air Transport World Magazine. The article discussed that the company had good prospect as one of its competitors, Germany’s Blue Wings, had left the market and had created a greater scope for Ryanair to capture a much larger market share in the upcoming future. Although according to the company’s Chief Financial Officer, the company might increase its fares in the future, Michael O’Leary, the chief executive of Ryanair was of the view that the company would heavily focus on cutting its costs much more. Besides this statement, he also pointed towards the better and productive performance of the company and increased gain in the market share of the company in area such as Spain, Scandinavia, etc. Because of this news, there was a sudden rise of 5 % in the company’s share in the Dublin market. This article lead to an increase in the share price for Ryanair but this can also signal alarms for its customers as there may be some rise in the fares charged by the company. The positive thing derived from this article would be to favor the shareholders of the company, who would enjoy better profits in the following years to come. References Ryanair warns fares will rise, Katie Allen, guardian.co.uk, 2010 http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2010/feb/01/ryanair-fares-rise

An Examination of Men in Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

An Examination of Men in Nursing - Essay Example The other critical part in the paper is the literature review that focuses mainly on the studies and research conducted by varied scholars and researchers pertaining to the men serving in the nursing profession. Methodology happens to be the last part of this paper and it focuses mainly on the selected methods of data collection, methods of data analysis, the sample description and the limitations associated with the proposed research. Introduction The government, health care employers, professional nursing organizations and the academic institutions have a pivotal role to play in assuring that there is a continued supply of adequate and sufficient number of nurses in the health care system serving an ever aging population and an enhanced demand for health care services in the United States of America and other developed economies like Canada (LaRocco 2007:259). Currently the United States of America is facing a dire shortage of the nurses irrespective of the fact that the profession is critical for the society. This shortage of nurses has led to many men joining the nursing profession. ... Irrespective of being a minority in the nursing profession, men have been noticed to bring a higher degree of comfort in varied aspects of patient care. Stereotyping is one of the major factors that have led to men being a minority in the nursing profession. Stereotyping has hitherto greatly influenced the number of men joining the nursing services (Hess-Biber and carter 2005). However, the reality is that men nurses have been there since the ancient times (Tranberger 2007). Yet, in the last two centuries, the ever growing demand for nurses has made it impossible for the traditionally white, female nurses to cater to this change. This has encouraged a rapid entry of men in the nursing services. History testifies to the fact that men can serve well as nurses, when given the opportunity and can in fact serve with distinction if given a chance to do so. This has also encouraged women to pursue medical courses in the medical schools. However, it has not been so in the past when the men w ere known to dominate the medical schools. Recent researches have shown that in future the shortage of nurses will exceed three times the current shortage maximum point (Auerbach et al 2007). Another research related with the same issue has shown that the projected shortage of nurses could be dealt with by allowing more men to enter the nursing profession. This could be achieved by encouraging more men to enter the nursing schools and to join the nursing profession. Women who constitute a majority in this profession ought to be encouraged to keep what has always been theirs, and should be expected to motivate their male counterparts to enter the nursing profession, and compete in this field that is

Good Cholesterol and Breast Cancer risk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Good Cholesterol and Breast Cancer risk - Essay Example This phenomenon reduces the risk of heart diseases but at the same time HDL also stimulates migration and activates signal transduction pathways in the human breast cancer cell lines, thus acting like a catalyst in the development of breast cancer. Thus knocking down the HDL receptor, SR-BI by some pharmacological methodologies play an essential role in regulating cellular proliferation and migration, thus controlling the growth of tumor cells, and hence SR-BI can be essentially used in the treatment of breast cancer in humans. The Popular article, Good cholesterol and breast cancer risk explains about the above detailed primary research article in a crisp manner. Though HDL that is, good cholesterol is good for health and acts like a protective shield against heart disorders, it has a negative impact on breast cancer development in humans. Higher the level of HDL in blood, higher is the risk of developing breast cancer. Thus limiting the HDL receptor, SR-BI the rapid proliferation o f tumor cells were found to be greatly reduced. The popular article also interacts with Dr. Philippe Frank, head of the research team and a cancer biologist in the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at Thomas Jefferson University who stresses on the importance of inventing more specific drugs to inhibit SR- BI and the safer level of HDL to be mentioned in cancer patients. How it relates to the theme – ‘Gender, Science and Technology’ Both the articles are interlinked and have a strong correlation with the theme of ‘Gender, Science and Technology’. The main focus of both the articles is about the treatment for breast cancer. Though the exact cause for breast cancer is still a topic under research, analysing the risk factors can show who is most likely to develop the disease. Lifestyle choices, genetic disorders and medications taken for some kind of diseases may be some of the risk factors for developing the disease but some risk factors are more vulnerable, particularly one’s ‘Gender’. Breast cancer is most common in women because they have more breast tissue than men. Breast cancer causes include what stimulates the breast tissue to grow and develop. Female relatives can also be a risk factor for getting breast cancer. If one’s mother, sister or daughter have breast cancer, the chances of getting the disease is doubled. Though cancer of several types is the leading cause of death in the world, medical science and technology has empowered people to make life changing decisions by matching them with modern and advanced treatment options based on individual conditions of the patients. Modern science and technology has revolutionized the breast cancer research therapies and now chances of overcoming breast cancer are much better than in earlier days. Main Scientific Claim The authors claim that their examination about the role of HDL and SR-BI in the regulation of cellular signalling pathwa ys in breast cancer cell lines and development of tumors show that, HDL can stimulate the signal transduction pathways in the human breast cancer cell lines. Then, accelerate the formation of tumors and hence knocking down of HDL receptor, SR-BI limits the

US Magnesium Essay Example for Free

US Magnesium Essay In Feb 2004, US Magnesium, the sole surviving US producer of magnesium, a metal that is primarily used in the manufacture of certain automobile parts and aluminum cans, filed a petition with the US International Trade Commission (ITC) contending that a surge in imports had caused material damage to the US industry’s employment, sales, market share, and profitability. According to US Magnesium, Russian and Chinese producers had been selling the metal at prices significantly below market value. During 2002 and 2003, imports of magnesium into the US rose 70%, while prices fell by 40% and the market share accounted for by imports jumped to 50% from 25%. â€Å"The US used to be the largest producer of magnesium in the world†, a US Magnesium spokesman said at the time of the filing. â€Å"What’s really sad is that you can be state of the art and have modern technology, and if the Chinese, who pay people less than 90 cents an hour, want to run you out of business, they can do it. And that’s why we are seeking relief†. During a yearlong investigation, the ITC solicited input from various sides in the dispute. Foreign producers and consumers of magnesium in the US argued that falling prices for magnesium during 2002 and 2003 simply reflected an imbalance between supply and demand due to additional capacity coming on stream not from Russia or China but from a planned Australian plant. The Canadian plant shut down in 2003, the Australian plant never went into operation, and prices for magnesium rose again in 2004. Magnesium consumers in the US also argued to the ITC that imposing antidumping duties on foreign imports of magnesium would raise prices in the US significantly above world levels. A spokesman for Alcoa, which mixes magnesium with aluminum to make alloys for cans, predicted that if antidumping duties were imposed, high magnesium prices in the US would force Alcoa to move some production out of the US. Alcoa also noted that in 2003, US Magnesium was unable to supply all of Alcoa’s needs, forcing the company to turn to imports. Consumers of magnesium in the automobile industry asserted that high prices in the US would drive engineers to design magnesium out of automobiles or force manufacturing elsewhere, which would ultimately hurt everyone. The six members of the ITC were not convinced by these arguments. In March 2005, the ITC ruled that both China and Russia had been dumping magnesium in the US. The government decided to impose duties ranging from 50% to more than 140% on imports of magnesium from China. Russian producers face duties ranging from 19% to 22%. The duties will be levied for five years, after which the ITC will revisit the situation. According to US Magnesium, the favorable ruling will now allow the company to reap the benefits of nearly $50 million in investments made in its manufacturing plant during the last few years and enable the company to boost its capacity by 28% by the end of 2005. Commenting on the favorable ruling, a US Magnesium spokesman noted, â€Å"Once unfair trade is removed from the marketplace we’ll be able to compete with anyone†. US Magnesium’s customers and competitors, however, did not view the situation in the 2002-2003 period as one of unfair trade. While the imposition of antidumping duties no doubt will help to protect US Magnesium and the 400 people it employs from foreign competition, magnesium consumers in the US are left wondering if they will be the ultimate losers.

Alzheimers Disease Essay -- Alzheimers Disease Essays

We are currently living in the age of technology. Our advancements in the past few decades overshadow everything learned in the last 2000 years. With the elimination of many diseases through effective cures and treatments, Canadians can expect to live a much longer life then that of their grandparents. In 1900 about 4% of the Canadian population was over the age of 65. In 1989 that figure tripled to 12% and the government expects that figure to rise to 23% by the year 2030 (Medical,1991,p.13). This increase has brought with it a large increase in diseases associated with old age. Alzheimer's dementia (AD) is one of the most common and feared diseases afflicting the elderly community. AD, once thought to be a natural part of aging, is a severely debilitating form of mental dementia. Although some other types of dementia are curable or effectively treatable, there is currently no cure for the Alzheimer variety. A general overview of Alzheimer's disease including the clinical description, diagnosis, and progression of symptoms, helps one to further understand the treatment and care of patients, the scope of the problem, and current research. The clinical definition of dementia is "a deterioration in intellectual performance that involves, but is not limited to, a loss in at least 2 of the following areas: language, judgement, memory, visual or depth perception, or judgement interfering with daily activities" (Institute,1996, p.4). The initial cause of AD symptoms is a result of the progressive deterioration of brain cells (neurons) in the cerebral cortex of the brain. This area of the brain, which is the largest and uppermost portion, controls all our thought processes, movement, speech, and senses. This deterioration initially starts in the area of the cortex that is associated with memory and then progresses into other areas of the cortex, then into other areas of the brain that control bodily function. The death of these cells causes an interruption of the electrochemical signals between neurons that are a key to cognitive as well as bodily functioning. Currently AD can only be confirmed at autopsy. After death the examined brain of an Alzheimer victim shows two distinct characteristics. The first is the presence of neuritic plaques in the cerebral cortex and other areas of the brain including cerebral blood vessels.... ...988).Understanding Alzheimer's disease.New York: Scribner's. Brassard, Daniel.(1993).Alzheimer's Disease.Ottawa: Library of Parliament, Science and Technology Division. Brown, Phyllida.(1992, November 7).Alzheimer's May Not be Linked to Aluminum.New Scientist Supplement,p.6. Carlton University Department of Health Sciences Freenet.(1996).Internet.http:\www.nct.carlton ca/fp/social.services/alzheimer/disease.dir Evans, Denis, et al.(1989).Prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease in a Community Population of Older Persons.Journal of the American Medical Association,272(15),1152. Institute for Brain Aging.(1996).Internet.http:\www.128.200.55.17/aboutad.html Medical Research Council of Canada.(1991).Presidents Report 1989-1990. Myers, David.(1996).Exploring Psychology.New York: Worth. Pollen, Daniel.(1990).Hannah's Heirs: The Quest For the Genetic Origins of Alzheimer's Disease.London:Oxford University Press. Statement on Use of Apolipoprotein E Testing for Alzheimer's Disease.(1996).American College of Medical Genetics/American Society of Human Genetics Working Group on ApoE and Alzheimer's Disease.Internet.http:\www.faseb.org/genetics/asng/policy/pot

Richard Matheson

Every author has a different style of writing and getting people to read it. If it's not exciting or different you won't want to read it. Richard Matheson's stories leave you thinking what just happened? Did that really happen? Richard Matheson uses situational irony to get you interested in reading. When reading Richard Matheson's â€Å"Girl of My Dreams† situational irony is shown. For example the story is about how Carrie dreams about people and a situation they are going to encounter, her husband Greg is controlling and cruel, to where he is making these families pay money for the information Carrie dreamed.Carrie had a dream about a boy getting hit by a car; Greg wanted ten thousand dollars in cash. â€Å"†Thursday, the fourteenth! † she blurted into the mouthpiece. â€Å"Two-sixteen in the afternoon! †Ã¢â‚¬  (Matheson). â€Å"He emphasized each repetition of the word with another savage blow across her face. † (Matheson) Greg had killed Carrie because she gave the information to the lady that Greg wanted ten thousand in cash from, but before she died she gave greg information â€Å"Street† she whispered, â€Å"†¦night.†She sucked in the wheezing, blood choked breath. â€Å"Greg. † She tried to sit up but couldn’t. Her expression was becoming one of terrified concern. She whispered, â€Å"Man†¦. razor†¦. you oh no! †Ã¢â‚¬  (Matheson). Richard Matheson’s â€Å"Girl of My Dreams† in the beginning would make you think why it is like this, and wouldn’t expect Carrie to die, but yet before she dies she has a dream about Greg and dies before she can give him what day, just like he was doing to the families.â€Å"Button, Button† Richard Matheson did the same with the Situational irony. The story was about a button that if it was pressed you would receive a payment of fifty thousand dollars but someone in the world would die. â€Å"She felt unreal as the voice informed her of the subway accident, the shoving crowd. Arthur pushed from the platform in front of the train. She was conscious of shaking her head but couldn’t stop† (Matheson). This was after she had pushed the button that her husband Arthur was against.â€Å"â€Å"My dear lady,† Mr. Stewart said, â€Å"do you really think you knew your husband? †Ã¢â‚¬ . Richard Matheson had us thinking that they could have ended up with the money and not knowing who died, but in the end it was a shock to us to find out it was her own husband who was so against it. These stories by Richard Matheson â€Å" Button, Button† and â€Å"Girl of My Dreams† both prove my point of how Richard Matheson uses Situational Irony in his stories to draw the reader in and keep his stories different and keep you in shock.

Improving Wound and Pressure Area Care in a Nursing Home Essay

In Sprakes and Tyrer’s (2010) research article entitled â€Å"Improving Wound and Pressure Area Care in a Nursing Home†, the effectiveness of wound and pressure ulcer management was examined. The rate of wounds and pressure ulcers in a nursing home is often an indicator of the quality of care received as these injuries can lead to illness and a decreased quality of life (Sprakes & Tyrer, 2010). Sprakes and Tyrer have identified gaps in overall management of wound and pressure ulcers. They have also identified a large volume of referrals regarding advice and support for wounds and pressure ulcers. For these reasons the authors’ research was aimed toward whether utilization of a new wound and pressure ulcer management system in the nursing home would decrease rate and severity of these injuries (Sprakes & Tyrer, 2010). The reason this article was selected for critique was due to personal encounters with pressure ulcers in the nursing home setting and first-hand observations of the debilitating effects they can have on an individual. Summary Research took place in a nursing home that was selected due to observations of poorly managed wounds and pressure ulcers. The authors’ overall aim of the research was to â€Å"improve outcomes for patients requiring wound and pressure ulcer management† (Sprakes & Tyrer, 2010, p. 47). The authors planned on meeting this goal through improving staff knowledge, improving documentation, and finally encouraging owners to uphold the proper standards of care. Before implementing their management framework, the authors obtained data to establish a control. The authors collected data over a six month period regarding frequency of wounds and pressure ulcers and regarding the number of times additional support nurses were contacted to aid with wounds/pressure ulcers. Next, staff knowledge was assessed regarding wound and pressure ulcer assessment and management (Sprakes & Tyrer, 2010). The authors then created a unique competency-based framework. This competency-based framework served as the standard of care to be used throughout the project. It also served as an evaluating tool when measuring staff performance. From there the authors then went on to discuss the project with the staff. Concerns, barriers, and benefits were all discussed as the authors felt â€Å"if staff understand why change is occurring, they are more likely to implement the required change† (Sprakes & Tyrer, 2010, p. 47). When implementing their competency-based framework the authors selected four nurses to be supported through the program. Only four were chosen due to the amount of time required to support each individual member. The four nurses then received two theoretical training sessions with a day on wound assessment and a day on pressure ulcer prevention and management (Sprakes & Tyrer, 2010). Once complete, the nurses worked alongside one of the authors in implementing the framework in the clinical setting. Completion of the process took an average of six weeks per nurse (Sprakes & Tyrer, 2010). After completion of the program the four nurses had their knowledge reassessed and another set of data was collected over a six month period to allow time for the nursing staff to incorporate the framework into practice (Sprakes & Tyrer, 2010). After analyzing the data, the authors found a 77% decrease in the number of wounds and a 57% decrease in the number of pressure ulcers. The data also revealed a significant increase in wound and pressure ulcer documentation and a decrease in the number of contacts to supportive nurses. When reassessed the staff demonstrated an increase in knowledge and skill. Overall the authors came to the conclusion that both the nursing staff and patients considerably benefited from the project. Based off the results, they encourage the implementation of similar projects in other nursing homes (Sprakes & Tyrer, 2010). Analysis of the authors’ references affirms their appropriateness to the study; however, 66% of the references used are not current as indicated by a publication date greater than 5 years. Critique Based on the article, the authors’ purpose of the study was apparent and the results were conclusive. The authors’ decision to implement an evidenced-based wound assessment tool was a great choice as it significantly benefited documentation rates as one was not being used in the nursing home prior. Through this choice it was evident that the authors were able to help the nursing staff to â€Å"ensure the credibility of their profession and provide accountability for nursing care† (North Carolina Concept-Based Learning Editorial Board, 2011, p. 2324). When analyzing the study it clearly demonstrates the impact that proper guidelines and education can have on wound and pressure ulcer management. Through education the authors were able to aid the nursing home in preventing the occurrence of more wound and pressure ulcers as â€Å"prevention is the goal for the clients at risk for pressure ulcers† (NCC-BLEB, 2011, p. 1918). Although this article is a good resource for information and statistics on wound and pressure ulcers, it is not recommended for individuals looking for particular nursing interventions used for wound and pressure ulcers. While the authors did broadly explain their competency-based framework, they lacked depth in explaining specific information and interventions taught and used throughout the project. In conclusion, this work greatly contributes to the nursing profession because it created a unique quality management plan that has the potential to better numerous nursing homes and improve the lives of many patients. References North Carolina Concept-Based Learning Editorial Board. (2011). Nursing: A concept-based approach to learning (Vols. 1-2, pp. 1915-1926, 2324, 2425). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. Sprakes, K. , & Tyrer, J. (2010). Improving wound and pressure area care in a nursing home. Nursing Standard, 25(10), 43-49. Retrieved from http://search. ebscohost. com/login. aspx? direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2010893921&site=

Phobia Intervention Outline Essays

Phobia Intervention Outline Essays Phobia Intervention Outline Essay Phobia Intervention Outline Essay Phobias â€Å"A phobia is strong, persistent, specific fears lasting more than 6 months and accompanied by intense physiological symptoms and avoidance or distress typify the presence of a specific phobia. † –DSM-IV-TR Article #1: Intensive Treatment of Specific Phobias in Children and Adolescents Population: Children and Adolescents * Ages: 7-17 * Boys girls Hypothesis: Researchers wanted to see what the actual implementation of OST with children and adolescents would be while extending the techniques from the unpublished OST Manual for Children. Researchers also wanted to see a host of practical issues associated with using exposure therapy for the treatment of specific phobias. Method: A type of Cognitive-behavioral therapy- One Session Treatment About the Intervention: * OST is developmentally informed and intensive- lasting 90-180 minutes * Combines in vivo exposure, psycho-education, particular models, cognitive challenges, reinforcement (contingency management), and skills training in intensive treatment model. Creates a fear hierarchy simultaneously probes for catastrophic thoughts associated with varying levels of exposure * GOAL: not to create another traumatic experience but to create an opportunity for child to learn that the negative expectations and thoughts believed to surround the stimulus either do not occur or if they do occur are not as anxiety-arousing as believed. Before applying the treatment researchers conducted: Diagnostic Assessment- chose appropriate evidence-based treatment for the phobia. * Anxiet y Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV Child Parent Version * Makes diagnosis for phobia and introduces a rating system of fear for child * Fear Survey Schedule for Children-Revised * Discriminates types of phobia and proved an index of fear level/ intensity * BAT- Behavioral Avoidance Test Info from observing the child’s reaction and avoidance to stimulus * Functional Assessment (45 mins)- meeting for parents and children in different setting * Determine maintaining variables, generate fear hierarchy, catalog child’s most severe catastrophic cognitions (asking child what the easiest interaction with stimulus is, then most difficult and then ask for ranks in-between) , determine onset and course of phobia, build rapport and present rationale for treatment * GOAL: to assess both child and parent(s)’ motivation for treatment * Family and Parental Factors Rationale and pretreatment instructions * Lets parents know what’s coming and alleviates misconcepti ons about treatment and how it will be conducted and experienced Conducting OST * Exposure (negotiation)- *in vivo* * Elicits fear so that catastrophic cognitions expectancies can be activated and addressed * Permits fear to habituate and avoidance to extinguish * Prevents behavioral and cognitive avoidance in a safe and controlled environment * TECHNIQUES: â€Å"foot in the door† and â€Å"door in the face† * Cognitive Challenges Participant Modeling * Reinforcement * Psychoeducation and skills training * Implementation After OST * Instructions to continue self-exposure for next few months + follow up appts Results: Results showed that this approach is effective and not only works better with girls but also children with animal phobia. Discussion: Benefits of OST * Follows children’s expectations 75. 4% * Satisfied with treatment 82. % Evaluation: We decided that we would use this intervention. It alters one, if not more, of the cognitive, behavioral and physi ological aspect of the patient’s phobic emotional response. How OST came about: Researchers were not coming up with new interventions, they just modified â€Å"the wheel†, therapies that have existed for years. They wanted to see how treatments worked better together.

Motivation and Self Regulation in Learning Essay

Motivation and Self Regulation in Learning - Essay Example (Ablard and Lipschultz, 1998) Self-regulatory processes can only work if students have the ability to organize themselves and stick to it with great determination and will power. It seems that the major cause of underachievement is the lack of self-control of students. For those children who have a do not have the confidence it takes to have faith in their own abilities, setting goals can lead to positive outcomes as the achievement of these goals influence students' task persistence and problem-solving efforts. Research has proved that for self-regulation to be truly effective students need to have goals and keep assessing their goals and how close they are to achieve their goals. There are many issues to address while assessing goals such as what exactly is it that the student wants to achieve, how difficult is it to achieve that particular goal and how close the student is to achieving the goal. Such evaluation acts as a continuous reality check and encourages students to keep working towards their goals. Another major problem that people often face is that they don't set their goals correctly. They don't weight the time factor in enough. Procrastination is a huge issue here. They seem to think they have all the time in the world and keep putting what they have to do off until the last minute. This may also be due to distractions such as the television or friends. No matter what the reason it results in their goals remaining unachieved. Sometimes students do weight the time factor in and then when they realize that their goals might take a very long time to achieve, they refuse to set such goals. "Students become more motivated when goals are "in sight" or proximal, rather than when the goals seem to be a long way off (this last point may be particularly true for low-achieving children)." (Shunk and Zimmerman 1994) When the goals seem a too long way the opposite is true. This can happen when students set goals that are not practical and unrealistically extraordinary. The simple task of imagining what the achieving the goal will take can make students crumble and not even bother to take the first step towards completing their goal. Goals that are within the student's reach should be set so that the student can see himself or herself actually achieving that goal and the path to achieving the goal will be embarked upon easily. This should be especially noted for students who are setting goals for the first time. If they are discouraged, frustrated and disappointed right at the beginning they will not be inclined to set goals again. Once they start achieving their goals, higher and higher goals can be set each time. Now they will have the confidence to embark on achieving even the highest goals because of the good success rate they have enjoyed. A few failures will disappoint them but will not dishearten them from goal setting entirely. The confidence an d sense of enthusiasm receive from achieving their earlier goals will keep pushing them to keep trying. This tie in with the learning theory of the classical conditioning. The success experienced acts as a positive rein forcer. "A positive rein forcer is anything pleasurable which increase the probability of a

Unauthorized Practice of Law by Legal Assistants and Paralegals Research Paper

Unauthorized Practice of Law by Legal Assistants and Paralegals - Research Paper Example The ABA adopted in 1997 the following definition:   Ã¢â‚¬Å"A legal assistant or paralegal is a person qualified by education, training or work experience who is employed or retained by a lawyer, law office, corporation, governmental agency or other entity who performs specifically delegated substantive legal work for which a lawyer is responsible.†   The ABA adopted in 1997 the following definition:   Ã¢â‚¬Å"A legal assistant or paralegal is a person qualified by education, training or work experience who is employed or retained by a lawyer, law office, corporation, governmental agency or other entity who performs specifically delegated substantive legal work for which a lawyer is responsible.†   According to the National Association of Legal Assistants, or NALA, certain standard determines the qualifications of a paralegal (http://www.nala.org/98model.htm).   To be accredited a paralegal or legal assistant, one has to undertake the following:   1. Successful completion of the Certified Legal Assistant (CLA)/Certified Paralegal (CP) certifying examination of the National Association of Legal Assistants, Inc.;2. Graduation from an ABA approved a program of study for legal assistants;3. Graduation from a course of study for legal assistants which is institutionally accredited but not ABA approved, and which requires not less than the equivalent of 60 semester hours of classroom study;4. Graduation from a course of study for legal assistants, other than those set forth in (2) and (3) above, plus not less than six months of in-house training as a legal assistant;5. A baccalaureate degree in any field, plus not less than six months in-house training as a legal assistant;6. A minimum of three years of law-related experience under the supervision of an attorney, including at least six months of in-house training as a legal assistant; or7. Two years of in-house training as a legal assistant.   For purposes of these Standards, "in-house trainin g as a legal assistant" means attorney education of the employee concerning legal assistant duties. In addition to the review and analysis of assignments, the legal assistant should receive a reasonable amount of instruction directly related to the duties and obligations of the legal assistant.